理論上，若是以手術完全移除腫瘤細胞，癌症是可以被治癒的。但並非總是如此簡單，外科手術通常無法切除已經轉移到其他部位的癌細胞。使用外科手術治療癌症的例子包括以乳房切除术治療乳癌或是進行前列腺切除術（英语：prostatectomy）治療前列腺癌。手術的目的在於移除腫瘤細胞或是整個器官，雖然將主要的腫瘤經外科手術切除，但仍有些潛伏在腫瘤所生長的器官週遭的單一腫瘤細胞是無法被察覺的。隨著時間過去，又會重新生長成一個新的腫瘤，稱為癌症復發。為此，手術切除下的腫瘤需要經病理學家的檢視，以確定切下的腫瘤週遭都是正常組織，減少腫瘤切除不完全的機會。

癌症扩散。随着癌症进展，它可能扩散（转移）到身体其他部位。癌症扩散到哪里取决于所患癌症的类型。

Various countrywide professional medical tips suggest early palliative care for people whose most cancers has manufactured distressing indications or who need to have aid Dealing with their disease.

Cancers generally crop up from an assemblage of mutations and epimutations that confer a selective advantage bringing about clonal expansion (see Subject defects in development to most cancers). Mutations, having said that, will not be as frequent in cancers as epigenetic alterations.

确定治疗目标是重要的第一步。主要目标通常是治愈癌症或显著延长生命。改善患者的生活质量也是一项重要目标。这可通过为患者提供身体、社会心理和精神健康支持以及在癌症末期提供姑息治疗来实现。

在治疗后数月或数年后发生，有口干、皮肤及皮下组织增厚、神经损伤、心肺功能异常（如干咳、气喘等）、胃肠功能紊乱（如恶心、呕吐、体重下降等）等表现，症状较为严重且长久，应尽量避免。

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Genetic changes can take 癌症 place at distinctive degrees and by distinctive mechanisms. The obtain or lack of a complete chromosome can happen by errors in mitosis. Far more popular are mutations, which can be variations within the nucleotide sequence of genomic DNA.

許多預防癌症的想法是根據流行病學的研究而來，分析病患的資料可發現生活方式或是接觸一些環境危險因子的確與特定癌症的發生機率相關。越來越多的證據顯示，根據流行病學研究所提出的建議改善，確實可以讓癌症發病率和死亡率降低。

制定标准和工具，以指导筹划和实施针对成人和儿童癌症的预防、早期诊断、筛查、治疗、姑息治疗和生存关怀措施；

疲劳。癌症患者的疲劳有很多原因，但通常可以控制。与化疗或放疗相关的疲劳很常见，但通常是暂时的。

有些肿瘤的治疗和预后与病理分级或浸润深度有关，因此也可以采用其他的一些分期方法。

The transformation of a standard cell into most cancers is akin to a sequence response caused by Preliminary faults, which compound into far more serious faults, Just about every progressively enabling the mobile to flee additional controls that limit usual tissue growth. This rebellion-like scenario is really an unwanted survival from the fittest, wherever the driving forces of evolution function from the human body's style and enforcement of purchase.